Heater



c. A. XARDELL.-

HEATER.

APPUCATIGN FILED JULY 11,1917.

PatentedSeptQ 21, 1920.

Leas es;

i I cHARLns A; XARDELL, or UTICA,1\TEW YORK. I

HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent, P te t pt 21, 192

Application filed July 11, 1917'. Serial No, 179,790.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, CHARLES A. XARDELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Utica, in the county ofOneida and State of New York, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Heaters, of which the followmg 1s a specification,

reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to heaters or furnaces' for heating systems of the. type employing a circulating fluid as a medium for distributing the heat generated by the turnace, and has for its object to increase the rate or speed of flow of the circulating fluid, thereby increasing the efiective' volume of said fluid and-reducing the losses by radia tion between the point of generation and the desired points or" application of the heat,

and, at the same time, to provide for a quick and eflicient heating of the fluid by causing all of said fluid, as it circulates, to bebrought into as close proximity as possible to the source of heat, said fluid passing the region of maximum heat in minimum volume.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention, together with means whereby the same may be carried into eli'ect,'will best be'understood from the following description of certain forms or embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawing. It will be understood, however, that the particular constructions described and shown have been chosen for illustrative purposes merelv, and that the invention, as defined by the claims hereunto appended, may

be "otherwise practised without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. In said drawing a Figure 1 is a'vertical sectional view of a hot air furnace constructed in accordance with the invention.

;'Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the invention embodied in a hot water heater.

Referring first to Fig. 1 the furnace proper may be of any usual or well known construction and as shown comprisesa casing 15 inclosing an ash pit and a second casing 16 inclosing a combustion chamber communicating at lts top through a drum 17 with the flue or chimney. Surrounding the furnace proper, and immediately adjacent thereto, is an air chamber or conduit comprising a casing 18 securedat its lowe edge to a base plate 19 upon which the furnace is supported, and at itsupper edge to a ring or annulus 20 constituting the lower edge of a distributing chamber 21 with which communicatedelivery pipes 22. Saic air chamber is provided at its bottom with one or-mOre 'air inlets.23 through the base plate 19,'-and at its upper end with an air outlet 24 through the annulus 20,while tlle casingl8 provides an unbroken wall extending from the inlet or inlets to the outlet.- Said wall or casing 18 is not equally spaced throughout its length or height from the wall or casing of the furnace,-but, from the bottom, converges towardthefurnace wall to a level'adjacent the zone of greatest heat of the combustion chamber (that is to say, to a level somewhat above the furnace grate), and thereafter diverges therefrom,

so that the horizontal 'cross'sectional area of the air conduit diminishes from the hottom thereof to the zone of maximum heat, I

point, and thereafter" in- As shown in Fig.1 there is provided a cylindrical outer wall or casing 25 secured at its "upper and lower edges respectively to the annulus 20 andbaseplate 19 adjacent the edges or" the wall or casing 18, said casing 25 surrounding said casing 18. By reason of the cylindrical shape of the casing 25 and the reduced diameter of the casing 18 at a point intermediate its ends, giving the same a substantially double frusto-coni cal form, said casings inclose between them a dead air space which serves as a heat insulator for the air heating chamber or conduit.

denotes the ash pit, 27 the furnace grate, and 28 the wall or casing of the combustion chamber,- which combustion chamber communicates atits top with the flue 29. Surrounding the combustion chamber is a water In the construction shown in Fig. 2,26 1

chamber or conduit formed by a wall or casing 30 so spaced from the wall 28 that the horizontal cross sectional area of water chamber or conduit is smallest adjacent the zone of greatest heat, and greater both above and below said zone, as in the form of the invention first described. To this end, in the construction shown, the wall or casing 30 is of a double frusto-conical form similar to that of the wall or casing 18. The water chamber is provided adjacent its bottom with one or more inlets, with which the return pipes 31 of the system communicate, and at its top with one or more outlets 32 which communicate with a distributing chamber 33 from which lead the risers or delivery pipes 34.

Water moving upwardly through the water chamber or conduit is accelerated in its flow as it passes upwardly through the constricted portion of said conduit, the action being similar to that of the well known Venturi tube, said water being brought, in minimum volume, into close proximity to the combustion chamber at its zone of maximum heat, so that said water quickly absorbs the requisite amount of heat. The relatively great amount of heat in proportion to the volume of water at this point produces a tendency to ebullition or formation of steam, in small quantities, at the constricted portion. This steam, rising in the water chamber, together with the expansion of the water due to its heating, imparts an upward impulse to the heated water in the risers, consequently resulting in a cuick return of water from the circulation system to the heater.

It will thus be seen, that, in both forms of the invention shown and described, the velocity of the circulating fiuid (air or water) is accelerated, beyond that normally caused by heat in the usual heating system, by being caused to pass through a conduit of restricted cross sectional area, tl at said fluid is quickly and eiiiciently heated by being brought in relatively small volume into close proximity to a source of a relatively great amount of heat, and that the construction is such that the heating of the fluid is caused to counteract tendency to retardation caused by subsequently increasing cross sectional area of the conduit; thereby resulting in the rapid circulation of a highly heated fluid, increasing the effective volume of the latter, and reducing the losses due to improper radiation and the amount of fuel required for a given useful radiation at the desired points of application.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

' 1. in a furnace or heater, the combination with a combustion chamber, of a distributing chamber, a fluid chamber or conduit freely opening into said distributing chamber, said fluid chamber or conduit surround-- ing said combustion chamber and having an inlet at its bottom, an outlet at its top, and unbroken walls extending from said inlet to said outlet, said conduit tapering upward from its bottom to a point adjacent the zone of greatest heat of said combustion chamher, and thereafter increasing. in diameter upward to said outlet, thus forming an unobstructed Venturi tube around said combustion chamber. 7

2. A furnace or heater-having a combustion chamber formed by an unbroken .wall or casing, and a second unbroken wall or casing surrounding said first-named wall r casing outside of the combustion chamber casing and thus affording, between said walls or casings, a fluid chamber or conduit which converges upwardly from its bottom and then flares outwardly upward, to form an unobstructed Venturi tube conduit, around the combustion chamber, for the fluid, said walls or casings most closely approaching each other at a point adjacent the zone of maximum heat of said combustion chamber, and a distributing chamber into which said fluid chamber or conduit opens.

3. A furnace or heater having a combustion chamber formed by an unbroken wall or casing, a second unbroken wall or casing outside of the combustion chamber casing and thus affording, between said walls or casings, a fluid chamber or conduit which converges outwardly upward, to form an unobstructed Venturi tube conduit, around the combustion chamber, for the fluid, said walls or casing most closely approaching each other at a point adjacent the Zone of maximum heat of said combustion chamber, and a third wall or casing surrounding said second wall or casing and secured thereto at its ends, said second and third walls or casings inclosing between them a dead air space, and a distributing chamber into which said fluid-chamber or conduit opens.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

CHARLES A. XARDELL. 

